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Hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopic investigation of palladium catalysts immobilized on a GaAs(001) surface Shimoda, M. Konishi, T. Tateishi, K. Toujyou, T. Tsukamoto, S. Nishiwaki, N. Arisawa, M. Hoshiya, N. Shuto, S. Isomura, N. Yokota, H. Furukawa, Y. Iizuka, K. Ogiwara, T. Isozaki, Y. Yamashita, Y. Yoshikawa, H. Ueda, S. Kobayashi, K. catalysts core levels nanoparticles palladium scanning electron microscopy valence bands X-ray photoelectron spectra We present studies on the structure and chemical states of a catalyst developed by immobilizing palladium on S-terminated GaAs(001). Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HX-PES) of core-level and valence band photoemission consistently indicates that the organopalladium molecules are reduced on the surface yielding Pd nanoparticles with a metallic nature. This finding is supported by high-resolution observations using scanning electron microscopy and backscattered electron image. HX-PES results also reveal that a portion of S atoms forming the S-termination is oxidized during the formation of Pd nanoparticles. journal article American Institute of Physics 2009-07-15 VoR application/pdf Journal of Applied Physics 2 108 024309-1 024309-5 AA00693547@@@AA11868165 0021-8979@@@1089-7550 https://kutarr.kochi-tech.ac.jp/record/144/files/JAP_108_2_024309.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10173/750 https://kutarr.kochi-tech.ac.jp/records/144 eng 10.1063/1.3456507 http://link.aip.org/link/?jap/108/024309 http://link.aip.org/link/?jap/108/024309 Copyright 2010 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in J. Appl. Phys. 108, 024309 (2010) and may be found at http://link.aip.org/link/?jap/108/024309