@inproceedings{oai:kutarr.kochi-tech.ac.jp:00000802,
 author = {Santos-Reyes, Jaime},
 book = {Society for Social Management Systems Internet Journal},
 issue = {1},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {Several natural disasters that have occurred over the last 35 years world-wide have highlighted the need to improve radically the safety performance of organizations. A systemic approach has been adopted to construct a model for a disaster management system. It has been applied to the case of natural disasters, although the approach is general. The essential purpose has been not merely to identify functions but to create a “structure” for a Systemic Disaster Management System (SDMS), within which necessary “process” or action takes place. The SDMS model aims to help to maintain risk within an acceptable range in an organization’s operations in a coherent way. The model is proposed as a sufficient structure for an effective disaster management system. It has a fundamentally preventive potentiality in that if all the sub-systems and connections are present and working effectively, the probability of a failure should be less than otherwise. The model consists of the following fundamental characteristics: {a} a recursive structure (i.e. ‘layered’), {b} a structural organization which consists of a ‘basic unit’ in which it is necessary to achieve five Functions associated with systems 1 to 5, and {c} four principles of organization, It is hoped that this approach will lead not only to more effective management of natural disasters, but also to more effective management of technological disasters.},
 publisher = {Society for Social Management Systems},
 title = {A Systemic Approach to Disaster Management},
 volume = {2},
 year = {2006}
}