@inproceedings{oai:kutarr.kochi-tech.ac.jp:00000870,
 author = {Galloway, Patricia D.},
 book = {Society for Social Management Systems Internet Journal},
 issue = {1},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {The engineer’s challenges focus on repairing and rehabilitating existing infrastructure to meet the needs of future generations by providing more sustainable infrastructure and on devising methods of mitigating air pollution, providing clean water, and transporting people by means other than gasoline-consuming vehicles. With respect to new construction, the design and construction of green buildings pose for engineers considerable new challenges that include the need for additional education, conformance to new standards, and collaboration with multiple stakeholders—the latter a process with which many 20th century engineers were not entirely comfortable. Fundamental components to sustainable development include: environmental protection, economic growth, and social equity. The biggest challenge to engineers is how to achieve a balanced approach to economic development, environmental protection and social well. Over the coming years, social impact is going to be a major consideration for all engineered projects. While environmental impact assessments are now common, we will begin to see social-economic and human impact assessments performed before projects can proceed. This keynote will address the following questions: What is the project cost that represents the best values from the perspective of achieving the project objectives? Have the life-cycle costs been analyzed to determine the total cost of project delivery over its expected life? Have environmental factors been included in the valuation of assets and services? How does the project interact with the natural environment? Are there any concerns relative to the material or product proposed which may have potential future negative impacts on the project depending on the use application? How the person living next door is going to view the project. How can the project be best integrated into the community? Will the health, diversity and values of the community be maintained or enhanced for the benefit of future generations? Is the life expectancy of the selected materials and/or products the same relative to the social expectation of how long the project will function as designed? Is there a need for future inspections of any aspect of the project regarding it structural integrity to assure its sustainability over the expected design life? The 21^<st> Century Engineer will need to concern him or herself with the integration of social science, engineering and environmental management. It is the understanding of social management systems that will critical for assuring that successful integration.},
 publisher = {Society for Social Management Systems},
 title = {The Framework of Sustainability for Engineering Design Considerations},
 volume = {4},
 year = {2008}
}